Cette offre d’emploi s’inscrit dans le cadre du programme de recherche PepT*ID - Peptide analyses for Taxa IDentification in ancient Mediterranean - subventionné par la fondation A*MIDEX d’Aix-Marseille Université. Le/la ingénieur(e) de recherche sera impliqué(e) dans toutes les tâches du programme, en particulier celles consacrées à la préparation des échantillons, l’analyse protéomique et l’interprétation des résultats. A ce titre, il/elle travaillera en collaboration étroite avec le directeur scientifique, le responsable de la plateforme « Marseille Protéomique (MaP) » et les responsables des quatre Workpackages. L’IGR sera à l'interface de tous les WPs et se consacrera exclusivement au projet (100% de son temps). Les missions de l’ingénieur(e) de recherche recruté(e) sont : 1) D’effectuer, sur des séries ciblées, des synthèses bibliographiques sur les études archéozoologiques, taphonomiques et chronologiques pour mettre en évidence les problématiques spécifiques ; 2) Construire des plans d’échantillonnages raisonnés par rapport aux questionnements scientifiques ; 3) Procéder aux échantillonnages et aux analyses protéomiques ZooMS ; 4) Participer à la construction et l’implémentation d’un Plan de Gestion de Données ; 5) Communiquer les résultats dans des articles évalués par des pairs, dans des congrès internationaux ; 6) Participer aux activités de diffusion vers le grand public ; 7) Participer à la formation des étudiants par le biais d'une série d'ateliers et d’un encadrement de master, en collaboration avec les enseignants-chercheurs du programme.
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[Télécharger l'annonce - PDF 132 Ko]
Sur la base des données halieutiques actuelles et archéo-ichtyologiques recueillies, la personne recrutée devra (1) évaluer puis comparer statistiquement entre la période actuelle et le passé (préhistoire-antiquité), les niches écologiques des principales espèces halieutiques et (2) modéliser la distribution géographique passée (paléogéographie) de ces espèces. La personne recrutée devra dans un premier temps récolter et préparer les données nécessaires aux modèles de distribution d'espèces (données de présence paléoichtyologiques et cartes paléo-environnementales). Ensuite, la personne recrutée devra modéliser les niches écologiques passées des différentes espèces d'intérêt halieutiques et les comparer statistiquement aux niches actuelles. Finalement, il/elle devra modéliser la distribution passée de ces espèces (période romaine, voir périodes plus anciennes si les données sont disponibles).
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[Site web CNRS]
In the study of past humans, few finds are more telling than the remains of humans themselves. Bone and teeth have always been important evidence for archaeologists and have only become more central following the development of new methods for analysing ancient DNA and proteins. Such biomolecules tell stories of individuals and populations through time. Unfortunately, the material is sensitive to decay and contamination. This can create challenges for analytical work and can limit the possibilities for reconstructing past life. Therefore, it is essential to understand how organic remains degrade or are preserved. This is not easy. These are complex materials buried in a complex environment over hundreds and thousands of years. Biomolecules such as DNA and proteins, furthermore, are invisible to the naked eye. Which factors influence the preservation of archaeological biological remains from macro to molecular level? To investigate this, the Future Past project is carrying out both an excavation in a medieval cemetery in Stavanger, and analysis of skeletal remains in the collections of the Museum of Archaeology (UiS), recovered from Stavanger and the surrounding areas. The project uses a multi-proxy approach to describe both environmental conditions (soil geochemistry, palynology, entomology, soil lipid analysis), and skeletal preservation (bone histology and chemistry, stable isotope analyses and ancient DNA) at different scales, in- and ex situ. The project combines traditional archaeology with environmental science and molecular biology, using state-of-the-art methods for the analysis of biological remains and environmental conditions. The overall goal of the project aim is to contribute to the improvement of methods to secure and store this type of valuable but fragile source materials. Another aim is to carry out detailed bioarchaeological analyses of a subset of the skeletal collections under study. The archaeological remains and bioarchaeological analyses have the potential to provide new insights into who the first inhabitants of Stavanger were and how the city developed in relation to the surrounding areas. The project will illustrate the value of the bioarchaeological archive, depending on environmental conditions and nature of preservation.
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[Website University of Stavanger]
The research project concerns a period of prehistory, the Neolithic, which developed between 5500 and 2200 BC in Western Switzerland and which saw great changes in the way of living and the functioning of its societies. These were the first swiss agro-pastoral communities, for which there is a relatively complete and well-documented sequence of burial practices. A significant number of individuals have been the subject of research studies, which have made it possible to draw a partial portrait of these ancient populations. The dietary behavior, lifestyles and mobility of these first farmer-breeders will be studied. Only a few specific studies on these questions have been conducted to date. The aim here is to acquire a broad and complete vision to understand how these Neolithic communities of Western Switzerland lived and evolved between the 5th and 3rd millennia. Within the framework of the post-doctorate, the aim is to contribute to this major theme by carrying out the paleopathological analysis of the individuals included in the project. The paleopathological contribution will allow not only to identify the environment in which the individuals lived (pathogenic environments, vitamin or oligo-element deficiencies), but also to complete the general picture of their bio-cultural environment (differentiated access to resources or care). Previous studies have already been conducted among the Neolithic populations of Western Switzerland. However, they need to be completed, either because they require an update of the analysis methods, or because they require additional observations - on oral and dental evidences and metabolic disorders, in particular. A complete paleopathological study will be carried out for individuals belonging to recently discovered sites. The aim is to evaluate the prevalence and frequency of the observed diseases, in order to establish a general health profile of these populations. They will then be linked with data from isotopic geochemistry to address the issues of socio-cultural behavior, both in terms of access to resources and their exploitation.
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[Website University of Geneva]
Dr. Leslea Hlusko is the Lead Researcher of the project TIED2TEETH: “Expanding our understanding of human evolution through pleiotropy” whose objective is to study the influence of the genes acting on dental variation upon aspects of human anatomy, and to apply this to the fossil record of the Iberian Peninsula and eastern Africa. The project TIED2TEETH will be pursued through an interconnected network of researchers from different fields of paleoanthropology, quantitative genetics, dental anthropology, paleoclimatology, archaeology, and similar disciplines, some of whom will work at the CENIEH and be led directly by the PI, while the rest are external collaborators from different European, American, and African research centers. The overall purpose of the contract will primarily be to conduct research tasks within the project TIED2TEETH, directed at analysis and modeling of dental anthropology data in association with genetic, climatological, and cultural parameters.
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[Website CENIEH]
Pontus Skoglund's Ancient Genomics Lab at the Francis Crick Institute in London is looking for a postdoctoral fellow interested in ancient population genomics of dogs and humans. The Skoglund Ancient Genomics lab is a dynamic team with backgrounds in computational biology, molecular biology and archaeology, with state-of-the-art infrastructure. The Francis Crick Institute is the largest biomedical institute under one roof in Europe. Ancient genomics has provided abundant information about human genetic history, but has not fulfilled its promise to provide insights into a wider range of evolutionary processes. This postdoc will work on the lab's project to develop the dog and its wild ancestor the grey wolf as a model system for evolutionary genomics. The postdoc will work on ancient whole-shotgun genomes and targeted SNP data from over a thousand ancient individuals to reconstruct evolution in three phases: 1) Ice age wolf evolution. How did wolves evolve during dynamic climate changes? 2) Early dog domestication. When, where, and how did dogs originate? 3) Holocene dog. How did dogs evolve and adapt to changing human societies?
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[Website The Francis Crick Institute]
Pontus Skoglund's Ancient Genomics Lab at the Francis Crick Institute in London is looking for a postdoctoral fellow interested in proteomic approaches to human origins. The Skoglund Ancient Genomics lab is a dynamic team with backgrounds in computational biology, molecular biology and archaeology, with state-of-the-art computational infrastructure and an ancient DNA clean room facility. The Francis Crick Institute is the largest biomedical institute under one roof in Europe. The Institute is located next to King’s Cross in central London, with excellent transport links to greater London and Cambridge. Ancient genome sequencing has revolutionised our understanding of the evolutionary history of modern humans and close relatives such as Neandertals. However, in most environments DNA may only be retrieved from a few thousand years ago. In contrast, proteins degrade more slowly than DNA, and may thus allow insights from deeper time. However, the number of evolutionarily informative variants is lower in ancient proteomic data, and authentication methods for ancient proteomics are in their infancy compared to methods for ancient DNA. This postdoc fellow will join Pontus Skoglund and the Crick Ancient Genomics laboratory in applying and developing proteomic approaches to extend our understanding of human evolution. The work will include improving and developing methods for bioinformatic retrieval, authentication, and reconstruction of ancient protein sequences from extinct populations in collaboration with proteomics experts at the Francis Crick Institute and international collaborators. Then adapting population genetic and phylogenetic approaches (f-statistics & admixture graphs), and applying the methods to data from fossil material supported by the ancient DNA facility.
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[Website The Francis Crick Institute]
The School of Chemistry is seeking to appoint Research Associate in Analytical Chemistry. The role holder will join a multidisciplinary group of researchers working on a ERC-funded project entitled “SUSTAIN – Sustainability of Agriculture in Neolithic Europe ”, led by Dr Maria Ivanova (University of Vienna) with Dr Melanie Roffet-Salque at the University of Bristol. The postholder will be part of the Organic Geochemistry Unit within the School of Chemistry. You will be responsible for the acquisition of lipid residue data using chromatographic, spectrometric and isotopic methods. You will be acquiring compound-specific 14C dates from archaeological lipid extracts at the Bristol Research AMS facility.
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[Website University of Bristol]