Large volcanic eruptions, which can occur at any time with limited advance warning, cause extensive cooling and changes in precipitation and air quality, and dramatically affect sustainability goals related to food, water and health. These low‑probability, high‑consequence events act as “test cases” for both climatic and societal stress responses. Yet comprehensive studies of volcanic threats to future societies are still lacking, and volcanic eruptions are rarely incorporated into 21st‑century climate projections. The interdisciplinary project “Clim‑SHOCK: Unsustainable? The past and future of volcanic climate shocks” will expand the available evidence by linking future climate‑impact scenarios with the rich historical source material. The project will bring together climate scientists, geoscientists, historians and archaeologists along with key societal stakeholders and disaster experts. The vision is to integrate lessons from past and future abrupt climate shocks to promote preventive measures by national and international actors.
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