Population genomics can reveal the evolutionary processes that underlie the history and diversity of a species. Many studies have been done on endangered and extinct species, but little attention has been given to the flip side of the coin: thriving species. To understand what sets successful species apart from less successful ones, we need to study the full spectrum of evolutionary trajectories. One species that is doing exceptionally well is the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). It is the land mammal with the largest natural distribution and occupies a wide range of habitats, from the deserts of the Arabian peninsula to the tundra of the North American arctic, and even thrives in urban environments.
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